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Top 20+ SD-WAN Interview Questions and Answers

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SD-WAN Interview Questions and Answers
SD-WAN Interview Questions and Answers

Preparing for an interview can be a little nerve-wracking. But we got you. 

This blog consists of a detailed list of frequently asked SD-WAN questions and answers. If you have a month or even less than a month’s time to prepare for your dream interview, don’t worry.  

Nowadays, interviews are becoming a little tricky. Therefore, you need to have a good command over a subject to ace your interview.  

We have made a list of the top 20 questions regarding Cisco SD-WAN exam questions and answers. You can go through this exhaustive questionnaire to boost your interview prep. 

All kinds of important questions have been listed in this blog to help you with cracking your interview. 

Without further ado, let’s begin with our SD-WAN most-asked questions and answers.

#1 What is SD-WAN?

With a lot of businesses adopting SaaS (Software-as-a-Service) and IaaS (Infrastructure-as-a-Service) applications in multiple clouds, the old Wide Area Network (WAN) could not cope with the heavy traffic from multiple sites. This created a need for the new-age WAN. 

The Cisco SD-WAN is a software-defined approach to manage the WAN. With SD-WAN, you can use combinations of transport technologies such as 4G, MPLS, LTE, etc.

#2 Why is there a need for SD-WAN?

  • With the arrival of Cloud applications, a lot of organizations started using Cloud applications. 
  •  This caused a heavy explosion of traffic in the traditional WAN since it is limited to branches, enterprises and data centers.  
  • Also, an MPLS connection cannot cover long and remote distances. 
  • The SD-WAN is especially made for SaaS and IaaS applications. 
  • It can manage traffic and access applications from across the globe. 
  • SD-WAN uses a combination of transport services. 
  • It also takes care of the privacy of organizations sharing their data over servers. 

#3 What are the benefits of using Cisco SD-WAN?

Using SD-WAN, IT can provide the following advantages: 

  1. IT can deliver routing. 
  2. Threat management. 
  3. Efficient offloading of highly-priced circuits. 
  4. Simplification of WAN network management. 

Other benefits of SD-WAN for businesses include:

Better application experience: 

  1. SD-WAN is highly available with a wide range of services for critical enterprise applications. 
  2. Handles all types of network scenarios by creating hybrid active-active links. 
  3. Improved user experience. 
  4. Dynamically routed application traffic. 
  5. Uses economical and flexible broadband such as secure VPN connections (rather than expensive MPLS). 

More security: 

  1. Application-aware policies make SD-WAN reliable. 
  2. End-to-end segmentation and real-time access control. 
  3. Integrated threat protection. 
  4. Passage of traffic securely from broadband Internet to Cloud. 

Optimized Cloud connectivity: 

  1. Smooth extension of WAN to multiple public clouds. 
  2. Real-time optimized performance for Salesforce, Microsoft 365 and other SaaS applications. 
  3. Optimized workflows for cloud platforms like Amazon Web Services (AWS), etc. 

Simplified management: 

  1. A single, concentrated cloud-managed dashboard for configuring and managing WAN, cloud, and security. 
  2. Simplified management with vManage. 
  3. Detailed report generation of application and WAN performance. 

# 4 How do you manage and operate Cisco SD-WAN?

Cisco SD-WAN is managed centrally and has an orchestration layer at the heart of the solution. It is an operated solution with a cloud-hosted Graphic User Interface (GUI) management console called the vManage. It also has a provisioning platform called SD-WAN Controller. 

Cisco SD-WAN Controllers: 

  • They are the central brain of the SD-WAN Solution.  
  • They implement policies and connectivity between SD-WAN branches. 
  • They help in changing routing information, access control, segmentation, service chaining and extranets. 

Cisco vManage: 

  • Cisco vManage takes care of and manages the whole solution. 
  • With the help of vManage, IT Managers and Network Operators can automate the configuration, management, and operation of the whole SD-WAN fabric at one place. 
  • It is a highly visual and vivid experience to have. 

# 5 What is Cisco vManage?

Cisco vManage is the brain of the SD-WAN Solution. The whole Solution is managed by it. Cisco vManage provides a highly vivid experience that allows Network Administrators/ Operators to deploy, manage and automate networks and devices quickly across the SD-WAN fabric. 

In short, vManage can be summed up as: 

  • Highly visual interface for easy use. 
  • Pre-configured templates automate the deployment of most of the use cases. 
  • A step-by-step configuration guide to speed up the deployment of onboarding devices. 
  • Smooth user experience across Cisco Solutions. 

# 6 What is the vBond Orchestrator?

vBond is an orchestrator (automated configuration, coordination and management of computer systems) and a gatekeeper.  

  • The vBond automates the connectivity between vEdge routers and vSmart controllers. 
  • It ensures smooth SD-WAN fabric on-boarding. 
  • It consists of the information needed to verify vEdges that wish to join the SD-WAN fabric. 

# 7 How is Cisco SD-WAN deployed at branch offices and data center networks and or regional hubs?

  • Branch offices and regional hubs can be deployed and connected using either virtual or physical secure routers. 
  • Enterprise customers and service providers get services such as WAN optimization and firewall. 
  • They also get basic WAN connection for physical and virtual platforms across the branch, WAN or cloud as follows: 

Physical: 

  • Branch: Cisco IOS® XE and Viptela OS-based devices. 
  • Branch: Cisco Catalyst® 8300 Series Edge Platforms and Cisco 1000, 1100, or 4000 Series Integrated Services Routers (ISR) 
  • Branch, regional hub or data center: Cisco Catalyst 8500 Series Edge Platforms and Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers (ASR). 

Virtual: 

  • SD-Branch: Cisco 5000 Series Enterprise Network Compute System (ENCS) and Integrated Services Virtual Router (ISRv). 
  • Network Hub: Cisco Cloud Services Platform 5000, Catalyst 8000V Edge Software, and Cloud Services Router (CSR) 1000V Series. 

Public Cloud (IaaS): 

  • Amazon Web Services. 
  • Microsoft Azure. 
  • Google Cloud Platform. 

#8 Is Cisco SD-WAN Solution secure to use? What is the use of SD-WAN?

Yes, Cisco SD-WAN Solution is 100% secure to use. It is true because of the use of TPMs, pre-staged certificate installation and registration of devices.  

Traditional SD-WANs lack an effective built-in security protocol.  

How is SD-WAN a game changer? 

  • It not only improves application performance but improve connectivity, they also take care of the traffic. 
  • SD-WAN makes sure that the policy enforcement is smooth and consistent.  
  • SD-WAN provides a security-driven approach. Business organizations can use this approach to reach their performance goals. 
  • With SD-WAN, you do not need to worry about cyberattacks. 

#9 Is Network Segmentation supported by SD-WAN Solution and what are the benefits?

Yes, SD-WAN Solutions does support Network Segmentation. The main overlay network is a segment itself called VPN0. Each branch site can have its own Virtual Private Network (VPN). It can be called anything as VPN1 and VPN2. 

The benefits of the Network Segmentation are as follows: 

  • Increased security as the network is protected against outside attackers. 
  • It creates a secure separation between multiple application segments. 
  • Acquisitions can be collected on a parent network and yet they can be separated. 
  • The policies play a regulatory role. They keep a check on what applications a company can access. 
  • Guest Wi-Fi  

#10 Does SD-WAN support APIs?

Yes, SD-WAN supports APIs. The vManage works on APIs. 

#11 What is TLOC?

  1. TLOC stands for Transport Locator.  
  2. It is a point where a Cisco WAN edge device connects to a WAN transport. 
  3. It is used as a static identifier in a Cisco vEdge device. 
  4. TLOC routes separate transport locations. 
  5. TLOCs are the sites in an ‘overlay’ SD-WAN network that connect to a physical transport. 
  6. It is similar to a routing locator. 
  7. A TLOC is the only operation in the Overlay Management Protocol (OMP) domain that is seen by the underlay network. 
  8. TLOC consists of three components: 
  • IP  
  • Color 
  • Encapsulation type

#12 What does it mean if there is a DCONFAIL or a DTLS connection failure?

It is because of the connectivity problem between vEdge and controllers. 

#13 Can the Cisco SD-WAN Solution give optimization for SaaS or IaaS platforms like AWS, Office 365, Salesforce, Cisco Webex or Microsoft Azure?

The function of the Cisco SD-WAN fabric is to connect a user at a branch to various cloud applications in a smooth and easy way. Cisco is able to provide this service for Software-as-Service and Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) applications with Cisco Cloud OnRamp. 

This service is currently available with the SD-WAN solutions. 

The benefit of Cloud OnRamp: 

  • The Cisco Cloud OnRamp helps the SD-WAN fabric to continuously look after the performance of a specific application accessed by a branch. 
  • It does so through the paths allowed by that branch such as MPLS, Internet, and 4G LTE. 
  • This allows the SD-WAN to choose the best possible path by making real-time decisions based on the performance. 

#14 What is a Domain ID?

  • It is a logical classification of vEdge routers and vSmart controllers. 
  • It defines the span of control for a vSmart controller. 
  • Each domain is known by a unique integer called the Domain ID. 
  • You can only configure one domain in a Viptela Overlay Network. 
  • There is a complete sync of routing information among the vSmart controllers and vEdge routers within a domain. 
  • An organization can divide its network into domains for work purposes. 

#15 What is Site ID?

  • A site is a particular physical location in a Viptela Overlay Network. 
  • It can be a branch office, a campus or a data center. 
  • Each site has a unique integer called the Site ID. 
  • Each Viptela device at a site is known by the same Site ID. 
  • For example, in a data center, all vSmart controllers and vEdge routers are identified by the same Site ID. 
  • A branch office usually has a single vEdge router. 

#16 Explain in brief the Cisco SD-WAN Solution architecture.

A Cisco SD-WAN is made up of the following components: 

  1. Orchestration 
  2. Management 
  3. Control 
  4. Data planes 
  • The orchestration plane helps in the automatic onboarding of SD-WAN routers into the SD-WAN overlay. 
  • The management plane looks after central configuration and monitoring. 
  • The control plane maintains and builds the network topology and makes decisions on the flow of network. 

The data plane helps in forwarding the packages based on the decisions made by the control plane.

#17 Explain the SD-WAN Topology.

  • A topology usually consists of two sites and two public transport technologies (such as MPLS and LTE). 
  • The SD-WAN controllers, the vSmart controllers and the vBond orchestrator along with vManage are reachable through these transport technologies. 
  • Each site consists of vEdge routers that are directly connected to available transport technologies. 
  • Color represents an individual WAN transport. 
  • Different WAN transports are given different colors. This means different color for MPLS, LTE, business-Internet, etc. 
  • The vEdge routers make a Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) or Transport Layer Security (TLS). 
  • The vEdge routers of one site securely connect with the vEdge routers of the other site with IPsec tunnels. 
  • The Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) protocol allows the detection of path failures or any loss. 

#18 What is VPN?

  • Virtual Private Network (VPN) provides segmentation in an SD-WAN network overlay. 
  • Each VPN is separated from one another. 
  • Each VPN has its own forwarding table. 
  • The VPN number is a 4-byte integer.  
  • It can be anywhere between 0 to 65530. 
  • VEdge devices and controllers have two VPNs by default called the VPN0 and the VPN512. 

VPN0: 

  1. VPN0 is a transport VPN. 
  2. It consists of interfaces that connect to the WAN transports. 
  3. This VPN forms secure DTLS/ TLS connections between vSmart and vBond controllers or to the vSmart. 

VPN512: 

  1. VPN512 is the management VPN. 
  2. It transports the out-of-band management traffic to and from the Cisco SD-WAN devices. 
  3. This VPN is absent on the overlay network. 

#19 How can a vEdge be brought into an overlay?

If a vEdge wants to join an overlay network, it needs to do the following two things: 

  • It needs to build a secure connection to the vManage to receive full configuration. 
  • It also needs to build a secure connection with vSmart controller to participate in an overlay network. 
  • The vEdge discovers the vManage and vSmart controller automatically. 
  • It is built by making a secure network to the vBond orchestrator. 

The following steps need to be followed to bring vEdge into an overlay: 

  1. The vEdge router will first authenticate the vBond orchestrator through an encrypted DTLS connection. 
  2. When authentication occurs, the vBond orchestrator sends the IP addresses of the vManage Network Management System (NMS) and the vSmart controllers. 
  3. The vEdge router starts building secure DTLS/ TLS connections with vManage and vSmart controllers.  
  4. It then breaks the connections with vBond orchestrator. 
  5. Once vManage NMS is authenticated, the vManage pushes the full configuration to the vEdge router (if available). 
  6. Then the vEdge tries to make a DTLS/ TLS connection to the vSmart controllers over each transport link. 
  7. After authentication, it makes an OMP session and learns the routes along with policies, TLOCs and encryption keys. 
  8. Then the vEdge router establishes an IPsec tunnel to TLOCs over each transport. 
  9. BFD will then begin to work over these connections. 

 

#20 What is a Zero Touch Provisioning (ZTP) process?

  • ZTP is an automatic provisioning process. 
  • It starts when the vEdge router is powered on for the first time. 
  • The vEdge will then attempt to connect to a ZTP server with the host name ztp.viptela.com 
  • It gets the vBond orchestrator information from there. 
  • Once the information is received, it can then make connections with vManage and vSmart controllers to get full configuration. 
  • It then joins the overlay network. 

#21 Name the device template components.

The device plate section includes system, logging, OMP, AAA, BFD, security, archive and NTP feature templates. 

Transport and management VPN: 

  1. This region contains the templates used to configure VPN0 and VPN512. 
  2. It includes BGP, OSPF, VPN interface, VPN interface GRE and VPN interface PPP feature templates. 

Service VPN: 

  1. This region consists of the templates used to configure the service VPNs. 
  2. It consists of the BGP, IGMP, Multicast, OSPF, PIM, VPN interface, VPN interface bridge, VPN interface GRE, VPN interface IPsec, VPN interface Natpool and DHCP server feature templates. 

Additional templates: 

  1. This region includes banners. 
  2. It consists of Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), bridge, localized policy and cellular feature templates. 

#22 What is the traffic symmetry of DPI?

  • Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) is used by Application-Aware routing. 
  • It is responsible for matching applications within the policy. 
  • It is important for the vEdge router to see the traffic in both directions in order for DPI to classify most application traffic. 
  • It is not so possible for the traffic to be directed to the same vEdge router in both the LAN-to-WAN direction. 
  • It is preferred to set up routing so that the traffic prefers one vEdge over the other. This is helpful to maintain symmetric traffic. 

That’s All About It!

This list of the SD-WAN interview questions is evergreen. I recommend you to go through these questions thoroughly. This would also allow you to brush up on your SD-WAN concepts. 

A lot of candidates appear for the SD-WAN interviews yet they fail because they have weak basic concepts. I have especially emphasized the basic concepts of SD-WAN. 

Follow these SD-WAN interview questions and answers to clear your SD-WAN interview like a pro.  

I wish you all the best!

Preparing for an interview can be a little nerve-wracking. But we got you. 

]This blog consists of a detailed list of frequently asked SD-WAN questions and answers. If you have a month or even less than a month’s time to prepare for your dream interview, don’t worry.  

Nowadays, interviews are becoming a little tricky. Therefore, you need to have a good command over a subject to ace your interview.  

We have made a list of the top 20 questions regarding Cisco SD-WAN exam questions and answers. You can go through this exhaustive questionnaire to boost your interview prep. 

All kinds of important questions have been listed in this blog to help you with cracking your interview. 

Without further ado, let’s begin with our SD-WAN most-asked questions and answers.

Everything you need to know about Network Security Courses

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Network Security Courses
Network Security Courses

Looking for the best online Network Security courses? Networking is an evolving domain in the IT world. The field is becoming more and more accessible and known to people. It is taking steps alongside the mainstream engineering streams like software, mechanical etc. Since Networking is growing and becoming its better self, the need for its security has also become a major need and a topic of attention. With all this talk of Network Security, the field also gets a huge chance to grow. In this blog, we shall know everything about Network Security and the certification courses related to it.

What is Network Security?

Network Security is a very broad term, that is inclusive of multiple technologies, devices and also many processes.
To put it down simply, it refers to a set of rules and configurations designed to protect the integrity, confidentiality and accessibility of all computer networks and data employing both software and hardware technologies.

The growing need for Network Security Engineers:

Network security’s need is never-ending. Needless to say, the need for Network Security Engineers is felt by all organisations, irrespective of size. Be the company or organisation’s size is small or big, there is a need for network security solutions to some degree, so as to protect it from any kind of cyber threats. 

Also that the infrastructure of today’s network is complex and poses a greater threat. Network security is efficient in addressing individual threats as well.
It also keeps in check the threats, exploits and also certain regulatory non-compliance. 

How does Network Security work?

When we look at the working of network security across any organization, we get to know that there are many many layers to it. There are many layers to network security so it becomes essential that your network security hardware, software and even the policies be such that they can address such issues and such areas. 

Let’s now discuss the varied controls of different types. There are three different controls are as follows :

  • Physical 
  • Technical 
  • Administrative 
Network Security Courses

Now we shall have a look at these in slight detail.

  • Physical Network Security:
    Physical Security controls are designed in a way that prevents unauthorised personnel from gaining physical access to network components like routers, cabling cupboards and so on. Controlled access, such as locks, biometric authentication and other devices is almost unavoidable and must be there. 
  • Technical Network Security:
    Technical Security Controls protect data stored over on the network. The protection that is being facilitated is twofold. It needs to protect data and systems from unauthorised personnel, and it also needs to provide protection.
  • Administrative Network Security:
    Administrative Security has control which comprises of security policies and processes which are potent in controlling user behaviour, including how even users are authenticated, their level of access and how IT staff members implement changes to their infrastructure.

Types of Network Security:

1. Network Access Control:

To be able to ensure that attackers can not infiltrate other networks, comprehensive access control policies are needed to be in a better place for both users and devices. Network access control (NAC) should be set at the most granular level. An instance of the same is if we grant more or full access to administrators of the network, but we deny giving access to specific confidential folders, or not letting certain devices from joining the network.

2. Antivirus and Antimalware Software:

Antivirus and antimalware software are competent in protecting any organization from a range of malicious software, inclusive of viruses, ransomware, worms and trojans. The best software also scans files upon entry to the network but continuously scans and tracks files.

3. Firewall Protection:

Firewalls act as a barrier between the not-so-trustworthy external networks and the trusted internal network. Administrators configure a set of defined rules that block or permit traffic onto the network.

4. Virtual Private Networks:

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) create a connection to the network from another endpoint or site. For example, users that are working from home would connect to the organisation’s network over a VPN. Data between certain two endpoints is encrypted and the user would need to authenticate to further allow communication with their device and also the network.

5. Network Security and businesses and consumers:

Network security is always of prime priority for any organization that performs and works with networked data and systems. In addition to protecting assets and the integrity of data from external exploits. Network security can also manage network traffic very efficiently, enhance network performance and ensure secure data sharing between employees and other data sources.

Job roles after Network Security courses:

There are so many job roles after completing Network security courses. The roles are as follows: 

Network Security Engineer:

The network security engineer is a lucrative career option. It is a very critical position in all kinds of organisations or enterprises. The role of this person is to implement security systems, to ensure the threats are countered and stopped. They are also supposed to see the maintenance of firewalls, routers, switches., various network monitoring tools and VPNs (virtual private networks)

  • Salary Aspect:
    The minimum salary for the job role of network security begins at a handsome 4 lakhs and can go up to a whopping 8 lakhs per annum. 

Cyber security Analyst:

The role of a cyber security analyst is to help in planning, implementing and also upgrading security measures and controls. They are supposed to constantly monitor security access and also perform internal and external security audits to as ensure that there isn’t a presence of many loopholes or evidence of any kind of security lapses. Th role of cyber security analysts is responsible for conducting vulnerability testing, risk analysis, and security assessments and for managing the network.

  • Salary Aspect: 

The salary aspect of cyber security begins at 6 lakhs per annum. 

Security Architect:

A security architect is another job role in this field which is just as crucial in the terms of designing the network and computer security architecture for any company. The security architect creates a design that is strictly based on the needs of the company and then works together with the programming team to build the final structure. 

  • Salary Aspect: 

The average salary of a security architect often begins at a whopping 15-17 lakhs per anum ( approx)

Cybersecurity Engineer:

A cyber security engineer is su[ppoed to create and execute all kinds of secure network solutions. There exists a huge gap in the demand-supply of this role. There is a scarcity of this role, hence there is a huge scope for the same.

  • Salary Aspect: 

The salary aspect of a cyber security engineer in India ranges between 1o lakhs to 11 lakhs per annum ( approx)

Ultimate Network Security courses for getting started:

There are many Network Security certifications course that are suggested to an aspirant or an individual who is willing to get started in the field.  The study of firewalls is considered the way in. We shall view a few of them, they are as follows: 

  1. Fortinet Firewall.
  2. Sophos Firewall.
  3. Palo Alto Firewall.
  4. ASA firewall. 

Scope of the Network Security Courses :

There are many other roles in this field of network security, with really handsome remunerations, along with the ones we just had a  look at The gap between demand and supply in the job roles, is huge and it acts as evidence that this field is progressing but there also exists an unfamiliarity about the field. Hence the Scope of Network Security Courses strengthens for an individual as the availability for job roles in this field is alive, and there exist many spaces for all trying, aspiring to be a part of this domain, along with very hefty salaries. 

Conclusion: Network Security Certifications worth it or not?

In conclusion, it can be said that network security courses seems to be a legit lucrative option, as we read the scope of Network Security Courses right above, there’s more than one reason why an individual should go for this profession. The lack of familiarity work in favor of the aspirants as there is a huge need to bridge the gap between the need and employment rate in this domain. 

Networking Basics – What You Need to Know about Networking

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Networking is an important aspect of any IT organization. This is often overlooked as a skillset. Networking holds a huge potential as a career option. We will discover everything about networking basics in here. This article contains the following about Networking:

  • What is a Network Infrastructure?
  • What are these networks used for?
  • What are these networks made of?
  • What are switches, routers, access points and wireless networking?
  • How to learn networking?
  • How to become a network engineer?
Networking Basics – What You Need to Know about Networking

What is a Network Infrastructure?

A network infrastructure is a network or connection of all network devices with the internet and other such devices such as connectivity, management, Biz Ops and communication.

It is an interaction amidst the virtual devices of an organization such as systems and software through equipment like the routers, switches and more.

Network infrastructure allows for effective communication and service between users, applications, services, devices and so forth.

What are These Networks Used For?

Network infrastructures are mainly used for building a connection between users, applications, services, devices and so on. The purpose of a network infrastructure is to ensure the connectivity of all organizational devices to the internet as a main function.

Although network infrastructures are responsible for many more such functionalities however, the above mentioned is the most valuable one of all the rest. It is also the responsibility of a network infrastructure that no device shall be off the internet connectivity at any time, since that can cause the loss of tons of data for an IT giant.

Data storage is also a part of servers however, the same does not lie particularly in the domain of networking. The crucial role of networking infrastructure here is to secure and maintain that database.

In case of any misevent, network infrastructures must also be able to troubleshoot and fix the problems instantly.

What are These Networks Made of?

Network infrastructures are made up of following devices:

  1. Routers
  2. Switches
  3. Access Points
  4. Firewalls
  5. Servers
  6. Load-balancers
  7. Intrusion detection systems
  8. Domain name systems
  9. Storage area networks

What are Switches, Routers and Access Points?

A network switch is networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network by using packet switching to receive and forward data to the destination device. A network switch is a multiport network bridge that uses MAC addresses to forward data at the data link layer of the OSI model. 

A router receives and sends data on computer networks. Routers are sometimes confused with network hubs, modems, or network switches. However, routers can combine the functions of these components, and connect with these devices, to improve Internet access or help create business networks.

A wireless access point (WAP) is a networking device that allows wireless-capable devices to connect to a wired network. It is simpler and easier to install WAPs to connect all the computers or devices in your network than to use wires and cables.

How to Learn Networking & Become a Network Engineer?

A career in networking can be started in the best possible ways with this combo by Network Kings. If you are wondering what Phase 1 is, it is a combination of the best beginner courses for networking. Aspiring network engineers can increase their chances of getting a job with this combo exponentially.

Phase 1 is a combination of Cisco, Microsoft and Linux authorized courses which make you eligible for the exams if you wish to pursue them. These courses offer you the same curriculum and training, that too at home.

Learn Networking with Network Kings – CCNA | MCSA

Here’s Why Linux is the Future of This World

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Linux is the future.

Linux has been in power for more than 25 years now. The operating software that brought the ease of functionality to systems is changing the world. The good part is that there’s still a lot to explore in the world of Linux. Even though a huge part of the corporate world relies on using it as an operating software, it still occupies only about 2% of the market. This opens up a huge prospect for the operating software to conquer the world around it. Before we get into how the world is changing basis the operating software, let’s take a look at the concept of Linux.

Index

What is Linux?

Which organizations function on it?

How difficult is it to understand this operating software?

Is it a good idea to pursue it in 2020?

Who should I Learn from?

What is Linux Operating Software?

An open source operating system came into existence as a solution to the needs of one individual many years ago – Linus Torvalds. The man founded Linux from his bedroom for one single requirement in his mind. He wanted to work in complete silence. It started with a a free software source. The very first people to contribute towards the establishment of the software simply wanted a source which was open enough for them to modify it to their liking.

The main question is what exactly is Linux Operating Software? It is an open-source software majorly used by the huge server corporations that maintain and function on servers throughout. This means that the organizations have complete control over their operating systems now.

Which organizations function on it?

Operating software like Windows and MacOS are the direct competitors for Linux. Here’s a direct comparison of Linux with its direct competitors as to which organizations use these Operating software in moderation.

Company Name Windows Linux MacOS
Oracle   ✔  
Red Hat   ✔  
Google   ✔  
IBM   ✔  
Facebook   ✔  
Amazon   ✔  
Dell   ✔  
 Akima, LLC ✔    
MorphoTrust USA ✔    
Infor ✔    
Lockheed Martin ✔    
TerraCycle Inc.     ✔
FreshRealm, LLC     ✔
Preston’s College     ✔

How difficult is it to understand this operating software?

The course – Linux Fundamentals, is designed to help freshers and experienced professionals land better jobs and earn higher salaries. This clearly explains that Linux as an operating software is fairly easy to understand and apply. The practical side of the operating software is easily adaptable.

Is it a good idea to pursue it in 2020?

This training is one of the most desired certifications for major corporations today. Due to the ease of the functionality, Linux is highly preferable by tiny start ups as well today.

Pursuing Linux Fundamentals or Beginner programs is a wonderful opportunity today. This is because the world is under a shift right now. Even Technology is also getting impacted immensely. Companies today prefer being as flexible as possible.

What is the average salary of a Linux Professional?

Career Opportunities with Linux:

DevOps Engineer ₹ 9,00,000 – 15,00,000
Java Developer ₹ 5,60,000
Software Engineer ₹ 5,00,000
Systems Administrator ₹ 5,80,000
Senior Software Engineer ₹ 9,00,000 – 12,00,000
Python Developer ₹ 12,000 – 15,00,000

Everything You Need to Know Before Enrolling for CCNA Certification

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What is CCNA?

CCNA is an IT field certification by Cisco, which will give you the basic fundamental knowledge of how basically the whole network infrastructure works throughout the world. CCNA stands for Cisco certified Network Associate. By doing CCNA you will be able to learn and implement how the IPv4 and IPv6 works. You will be able to create networks using all the routing protocols.

Among one of the few leading certifications in the field of networking today, is the Cisco Certified Network Associate – CCNA. Cisco introduced the newest version of the certification as CCNA 200-301.

This certification is specifically designed as the entry level certification. CCNA 200-301 is under high demand currently for the leading MNCs.

What is CCNA 200-301?

CCNA 200-301 is the first step to ensuring a great career as a Network Engineer. CCNA 200-301 covers the following topics:

Network fundamentals

Network access

IP connectivity

IP services

Security fundamentals

Automation and programmability

It is a complete guide to learn about the network infrastructure of an IT organization.

The Key Learnings of CCNA Online Training are:

  1. Unit 1: OSI Layer, IP Addressing
  2. Unit 2: Campus Network Design
  3. Unit 3: VLANs and Trunking
  4. Unit 4: Spanning-Tree
  5. Unit 5: Ether Channel
  6. Unit 6: Switch Virtualization
  7. Unit 7: Inter-VLAN Routing
  8. Unit 8: Gateway Redundancy
  9. Unit 9: Switch Security
  10. Unit 10: Network Management
  11. Unit 11: SDN Introduction

How Long is the CCNA Certification for?

CCNA 200-301 Online Training briefly takes about Five Weeks for completion. These modules can easily be covered within a matter of five weeks however, the practical sessions and the exam are not included within this time frame.

The training is completed within five weeks followed by the practical sessions. This exam is entirely excluded from these timelines as the students can take the exam as per their convenience. Students often take their time to perfect their skills before going ahead for the Cisco Exam to gain the certification.

How to Get a Job with CCNA Certification?

Cisco Certified Network Associate is an entry-level certification. This certification is preferred by MNCs for the roles of Network Engineers, System Engineers, and Network Specialists. This ensures a chance at getting wonderful job opportunities after completing the CCNA Online Training and attaining the CCNA 200-301 Certification through Cisco.

The following job roles are easy to attain with CCNA 200-301:

  1. Information Security Analyst
  2. Security Engineer
  3. Network Security Engineer
  4. Cybersecurity Engineer

This certification is highly valued all over the globe. Above mentioned job roles are easy to attain with CCNA Online Training. Network Engineering is a rarely-explored field for most of the IT background individuals which makes CCNA a great choice.

What is the Average Salary for a CCNA Certified Individual?

CCNA 200-301 Average Salary – Annualy

India USA
450000 to 6,00,000 $39,195 to $118,830

CCNA 200-301 Online Certification Exam can cost between $300 to $350 USD.

Can I Get CCNA Certified with self study?

Although we encourage the will to learn as much as possible, however, our past experience says that the course requires constant support. CCNA 200-301 also includes a number of practical implications. Practical understanding is needed to understand the concepts better. All this means is that CCNA can be studied by self however would not be beneficial for the certification.

Why Should I Learn It Online?

  1. World class education at the distance of one click in your own device of choice.
  2. Available in both English and Hindi. We are linguistically supportive.
  3. Highly skilled IT professionals associated with renowned IT brands with practical and theoretical knowledge of the industry.
  4. Learn whenever you want. Practice as much as you need.
  5. Flexibility has never been better.

Classroom training is the traditional way of learning. However, with the times and schedules changing, being less flexible and allowing less room for rigid schedules, we provide you online trainings with the ease of your own couch and comfort of your home.

Our trainers ensure to record each session of live training for the students and learners to access where and when required.

Quality is of utmost importance to us. We ensure High Definition (HD) video and sound quality for your ease of understanding.

The Complete 2020 CCNA 200-301 Prep Course

a) CCNA – Cisco Certified Network Associate, is an online training that offers the basic information on how the entire infrastructure of networks is built globally. The completion of CCNA training helps you learn and implement how the IPv4 and IPv6 function. 

b) Creating networks comes naturally to a CCNA certified professional using all the routing protocols.

c) The full form of CCNA is Cisco Certified Network Associate which clearly depicts that any professional certified with this training will be able to completely understand the network infrastructure of Cisco equipment as well.

d) The cost of the CCNA examination is variable depending upon the currency as well as the country that one might belong to. However, on an average, the examination and certification from Cisco shall cost a student generally between $300 to $350 (USD).

Can I take CCNA exam at home?

CCNA Exam Certification is a computer based exam. With the Corona virus situation worsening around the globe, this functionality is easy to use and reliable.

The CCNA Certification can now be taken from home as well. All you need to do is register for the exam at Cisco.com, choose the right time for the exam, and appear for it.

Online exams ensure the authenticity by the usage of the laptop or system camera as well as the microphone.

Do I need a CCNA?

CCNA is the beginner’s step towards a career in networking. This certification is not only necessary for pursuing CCNP and other following certification but it also helps cloud engineers to understand the concepts better.

The Path can be rather vast after completing the CCNA 200-301 Certification with Cisco.

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Learn More About CCNA Certification with Network Kings

10 Reasons to Join Network Kings

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Your future is in your hands. We help you to polish your persona and your curriculum. Here are a few reasons why Network Kings is your solution:

  1. Direct Training from Experienced and Working Engineers
    First thing first, all the trainers that we hire are all Engineers who are working in big companies. They give training with all their experiences that they have gained while working in the company. They solve your queries with real-time scenario examples. You can ask them any questions at any time and they are more than capable of answering them to you.
  2. Recorded sessions provided
    We have all have the facility through which we record all the lectures and you can stream and download them. This feature helps when you want to go back to the lane to brush up once again and also helps you in your self-study.?Download our Apps to watch Demo Classes.

  3. Facility to re-enroll for the same certification for FREE
    If in case after the completion of a batch you want to again repeat the batch then you can very well do that as we offer batch repeats for most of the courses.
  4. Practical Training.
    All the training is done on the basis of real-time projects and scenarios. So that your candidates should understand the working of the real world. Without the real-time world experience, you will not be able to clear the interview. So don?t worry our training is totally future proofed.
  5. Guaranteed Job Grooming
    We all know that we do all this training for getting a well decent paying job and to get that job we need to clear the interview. Apart from the technical skills and experience, your resume also plays an important role in your selection. So to cover that we also help you in?making a resume and career guidance to you.
  6. Complete Transparency
    Our motto is to speak on facts and maintain complete transparency between market and student skills. We totally dedicate ourselves to make you market compatible so that once you leave us, you are already prepared for any kind of requirement in the market.
  7. One roof, many facilities
    Our training organization has one roof for all the Networking-courses. We offer various courses at very less price compared to others in the same business. We offer you better knowledge at a much affordable price. For Example, We offer Paloalto + Checkpoint Firewalls + F5 load balancer all in 500$/30000 INR.
  8. Dedicated to providing complete and in-depth knowledge
    We do not believe in shortcuts. Most of the institutes do even cover 50% of the topics. We are proud to say we cover almost all the topics by giving extra knowledge regarding the subject. Check Our Result:?Network Kings Result?
  9. Group and One-O-One Training
    There are many types of training we offer. We offer weekdays and weekends training. We also, offer group training and one on one training as well. If you want to customize training you can also ask us.
  10. Time Flexibility
    Weekdays training is basically designed for candidates who are college students and on holiday they want to do some training courses. They can join in weekdays training. Weekends training is basically designed for working candidates as on most weekdays they are not free and hence they can join on weekends to get themselves trained with us. Group training is more budget training whereas one to one training is a little more costly as one trainer is assigned to you to look after your training. Contact us :

Best Computer Networking Certifications – Cisco | AWS | Comptia

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Do you know, Ten Best IT Certification Courses that are still good in 2021, these are some of the

Best Computer Networking Certifications - Cisco | AWS | Comptia.

Network Kings understands the need for IT certification. Hence, world-class training is offered to the students. The training provided includes one-to-one online training, online group training, and corporate training. You can also make use of the fast track program called Boot camps both on weekdays and weekends to master the course in a short span. Take a look at the top ten IT certification courses that require professional training in 2018. 

Best Computer Networking Certifications

  1. CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Program focuses on educating the individual to get ready to join an IT organization. It teaches about basic computer networking skills. Also, practically one can learn about preparing, installing, and maintaining the Cisco computer networking system. You can start with a salary of Rs. 2.5 L and above with a CCNA certification.
  2. CCNP R/S The CCNP Routing and Switching course make you a networking professional, letting you learn the ways to troubleshoot and implement the WAN and LAN of the enterprise. Obtaining CCNP certification will leverage your earning potential to an average of Rs. 4 L.
  3. AWS Solution Architect Amazon Web Services not only let you get a CSA certificate but also train to become an architect to make you earn more than Rs. 10 L PA. You can learn to design and deploy an AWS system. Understand the infrastructure and build VPC. Even, you can understand to troubleshoot the basic AWS cloud formation.
  4. MCSE – The Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer course teaches advanced details about the ways to specialize in developing and improving the systems that can optimize any issue affecting the other systems. One can start as a systems admin with a starting pay of Rs. 2 L with MCSE certification.
  5. CCIE – CCIE certification course will walk individuals through an expert understanding of the complex and converged network infrastructures allowing them to begin with a salary of Rs. 5 L.
  6. CompTIA A+ – You can get a hold of the standard hardware components including the RAM, motherboard, CMOS, BIOS, microprocessor, etc. This will help you become a hardcore hardware troubleshooter to enhance your earnings to Rs. 4.5 L and above.
  7. CompTIA N+ – This online training will let every individual know about the network topologies and troubleshooting. It educates about internet connections, remote connectivity, protocol suite, OSI Seven-Layer model, etc.
  8. CCNA Security The hacking network has become daily news these days and companies are looking for experts to bring this issue under control. You can address this problem by getting trained in CCNA security measures.
  9. CISSP – Certified Information System Security Professional course will aptly suit individuals who work in the Information Security department. One can learn about the various security breach and possible ways to tackle them. For completing CISSP certification, one individual should have a minimum of 5 years of experience in the IT security domain.
  10. CEH Certified Ethical Hacker course covers the ways to secure systems by throwing light on hacking, testing, and scanning systems. Also, classes will include virus creation, buffer overflow, DDoS attacks, etc. Basics of hacking are taught to make an individual aware of the hackers and the hacking processes.

In a nutshell, you can find this list very descriptive, and you can see that every trending course gets covered. There is a great potential to grow in the IT field by getting trained in one of these classes.

Learn and get certified with the best course for a great future! 

SDN tutorial Software-Defined Networking

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SDN Software Defined Networking

SDN is a Technology which works on manageable networking devices. Devices consist in two parts, one is Data plane and another one is Control plane. Earlier networking devices were tightly coupled (Data Plane & Control Plane) and you could not be asked your vendor to give you data and control plane separately. In tightly coupled devices you cannot make modifications. Because they both are coupled with each other.

To overcome above limitation, SDN technology comes into picture which gives your ability to purchase data Plane and control plane separately. It decouple Data plane & Control plane, now you can design your own application/code (that will write in a programming language like Python, Java etc) as per your requirement and we make that code compatible with control plane and data plane. Now only code decide, device will work like a switch ,like a router(define routing) or a firewall(Security device) .

Note:– Your controller will decide which language you will use for your application.

e.g. :– The physical devices of your computer is like data plane, Operating system is like CLI and if you are making word document then you will need MS- Office (ms-office written in a programming language) . Similarly to make a device working we need a code (written in a language)that code and functions will decide how your device will work .most important your code and platform like CLI should compatible with each other .

Masters in SDN requires networking skills, a good understanding of programming language and O/S knowledge. J

Components of SDN —

Data Plane?Data Plane in networking device works like forwarding plane, which actually forwards the data .e.g physical ports on switch works as data plane . Data plane also known as forwarding device, open flow switch and SDN switch. There is no intelligence in data plane it’s like dummy device.

Control Plane ? Control plane in networking device works like controller .which actually control the flow of data. it’s like IOS (internetwork operating system) of device which runs from CLI(command line interface) mode. control plane also known as SDN controller.

Below earlier networking devices where DATA PLANE and CONTROL PLANE are tightly coupled

Below SDN technology devices, which decouple DATA PLANE and CONTROL PLANE


Communication between data plane and control plane is known as “South Bound Interface” & communication between control plane and application/code known as “North Bound Interface”.

e-.g?In below diagram trying to explain the concept , where train track works like data/physical plane and driver of the train, moreover controller who actually controls the track, works like control plane or SDN controller .


If you are buying a switch or any networking/communication device (manageable) from market that will cost you around Rs.30, 000. That means around 25,000 they are charging for control plane and only 5000 is for physical/data plane. Because control plane actually consist logic/code/rule of statements where physical plane is only your hardware cost.

Hope bit clarity is done about SDN J

Now come into bit inside ?


Physical Data Plane can be purchase from market as describe above. like a dumb hardware device .

Virtual Data Plane ? We have one
emulator called MININET (software) , by using that we can make virtually data plane and put SDN controller over it . Nothing will happen by combining virtual data plane and open source control plane. To make it working we need to build an application in such a programming language.

That application/code will define which device will come. It may come IN SWITCH, IN HUB, IN FIREWALL, IN LOAD BALANCER or in any other device whose code we have defined/designed in our application. INTRESTING

Note — No need to purchase control plane now because we have many open source solutions.

SDN is not fixed functionality. By changing or adding code we can enhance the existing functionality .it helps to manage centralized.

SDN CONTROLLER ?

Name Language
NOX C++
POX(Mainly Use) PYTHON
BEACON JAVA
TREMA RUBY,C
FLOODLIGHT JAVA
FLOWVISION C

MININET

It’s an EMULATOR tool, software program which use lightweight virtualization in behind. If your designed code works properly on mininet emulator. It will definitely work well on real physical data plane too. Application run’s smooth on emulator it means your code is good to go and it will work on real environment /hardware without any modification. Topologies of mininet are
Single, Linear, Tree, Minimal, Custom.

Types of IP Versions

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How many Types of IP Versions are there?

Internet Protocol Versions —

What happened to IPV1, IPV2, IPV2.5, IPV3, IPV3.1??

Internet Protocol Introduction —

– An IP address is an identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network.

– Protocol (Rules) is a method by which?data/Info?is sent from one computer to another on the?Internet/Network.

Note:- If the PC(Node) is connected to a network as well as the internet ,then the PC will have an Internal (private) IP Address which makes its location on the local network, and on external (Public)IP Address which is the IP address of your internet connection .

History of IP Version —

Earlier the design for TCP was struggling to solve two problems at the same time: how do we establish end to end connectivity/package data, and how do we send that data from one location to another?

TCP version 1 was designed in 1973, TCP version 2 was documented in March
1977. In August 1977, Jon Postel (American? computer scientist) realized they were going the wrong direction with the protocols. Specifically they were trying to use TCP to do two things: serve as a host level end to end protocol, and to serve as a routing protocol. These two things should be provided in a different layeres. Then they decided that a new distinct internetwork protocol (IP) is needed .from here TCP and IP works on different platforms.

TCP(TCP Protocol number 6) be used strictly as a host level end to end protocol on layer 4 of the OSI (Open system Interconnection) Model and layer 3 of the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol)Model .

IP (Internet Protocol) be used as a Routing Protocol at layer 3 of OSI Model and Layer 2 of TCP/IP Model.

  • There were two major predecessor steps before IP (Internet Protocol) firmed up:
  • Split between TCP and IP
  • Variable length addresses were removed, leaving fixed 4-byte(32 bits and 4 Octets) addresses

First TCP and IP split happened , then VLSM removed and size got fixed of 4 Bytes .

IP Versions ?

Version numbers: There are 1,2, 2.5, 3, 3.1 and 4

2.5 was a "implementation split", in which the single header remained same, but the code was split into two TCP and IP . Version 3 was the first version that had the headers fully split (and included "protocol numbers" to identify which transport protocol was being used) but it included variable-length addresses TCP 3 was a paper specification driven by the experience gained from running TCP 2.5.

Version 3.1 had the variable-length addresses removed, and Version 4 was proper cleanup of 3.1 and decided it will announce on Internet to use publically. 18-19 September 1978 meeting notes list the schedule for TCP “Version 4 Ready for testing”.

Stability was added in the (IPV4) fourth revision of Internet protocol that is how we got to IPv4.

Version 1, Version 2 and Version 3 they were the experimental /test versions
of implementation and improved as the internet started to grow. They did not announce for public use because they were in initial growing stage.

IPv5 is Stream Protocol, It was a failed attempt to expand and solve some of IPv4’s problems that’s why it also did not announce publically.

IP Headers?

Before Internet Protocol (IP) Version 3 Headers were not split. In Version 3 they Split into different section/fields.

An?IP header?is a prefix to an IP packet that contains information about the IP version, length of the packet, source and destination IP addresses, etc. It consists of the following fields.

IP Version Numbers?

DecimalKeywordsVersionsReference
0-1 Reserved
[Jon_Postel][RFC4928]
2-3 Unassigned
Jon_Postel]
 
4IPInternet Protocol[RFC791][Jon_Postel]
5ST(Stream Protocol)ST Datagram Mode[RFC1819][Jim_Forgie]
6IPV6Internet Protocol version 6[RFC8200]
7TP/IXTP/IX: The Next Internet[RFC6814]
8PIPThe P Internet Protocol[RFC1621]
9TUBATUBA[RFC1347]
10-14 Unassigned[Jon_Postel]
15 Reserved[Jon_Postel]
types of ip versions

MPLS basics

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The exponential growth of the Internet over the past several years has placed a tremendous strain on the service provider networks.

Not only has there been an increase in the number of users but there has been a multifold increase in connection speeds, backbone traffic and newer applications. Initially ordinary data applications required only store and forward capability in a best effort manner. The newer applications like voice, multimedia traffic and real-time e-commerce applications are pushing toward higher bandwidth and better guarantees, irrespective of the dynamic changes or interruptions in the network.

To honor the service level guarantees, the service providers not only have to provide large data pipes (which are also costlier), but also look for architectures which can provide & guarantee QoS guarantees and optimal performance with minimal increase in the cost of network resources.

MPLS technology enables Service Providers to offer additional services for their customers, scale their current offerings, and exercise more control over their growing networks by using its traffic engineering capabilities. On the other hand, Diffserv using its scalable differentiation enables differential pricing scheme for providing differential QoS. Putting it simply, MPLS is a switching technology used to get packets from one place to another through a series of hops while DiffServ governs what happens to the packet at each hop. The marriage of these two technologies, Diffserv over MPLS, provides another interesting alternative solution to the bag of existing ones.