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MPLS tutorial

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Hi Reader today I am going to Explain you ,

How mpls works in this Mpls tutorial.

Mpls is multiprotocol label switching is mostly found in service provider networks.

MPLS is a technology that is primarily see in the service provider, In service provider networks, the result of using MPLS is that only the routers on the edge of the MPLS domain perform routing lookup; all other routers forward packets based on labels.

MPLS is very useful in service provider (and large enterprise) networks bcoz it enhances BGP routing and provides different services and applications, such as Layer 2 and 3 VPNs, QoS, and TE ( Traffic engineering )

In an MPLS , there are two types of routers:
1) Label-switched router (LSR): A device that forwards packets that are mainly based on
labels
2) Edge LSR: A device that mainly labels packets or forwards IP packets out of an MPLS domain, it? means it is going to be a part of mpls as well as traditional ip routing.

Lets see what is inside MPLS Label ?

mpls tutorial

Field? Description
1. 20-bit label? The actual label used for switching. Values 0 to 15 are reserved.
2. 3-bit experimental (EXP) field? Undefined in the RFC. Used by Cisco to define a class of service (CoS) (IP precedence).
3. Bottom-of-stack bit? MPLS allows multiple labels to be inserted. The bottom-of-stack
bit determines if this label is the last label in the packet. If this bit is set (1), it indicates that this is the last label.
8-bit Time to Live (TTL) field? Has the same purpose as the TTL field in the IP header.

In this snapshot you can see Router receives the ip packet and adds the label ( PUSH ),

mpls

Any Router who adds , swap or remove labels are known as LSR ? ( Label Switch Router ),?

Router receives the labeled packet from First Router , and again router is going to check the LFIB and swaps the labeled packet with another label , you can see in above screenshot any? label swapped to label with another label.

Suppose for any prefix label is 25, if its swapped it will be 35.

Now the labeled packet comes to last router , Now Router checks LFIB , A label is removed and the ip packet is sent out to interface .

Now Edge LSR receives the packet and this time it Checks FIB instead of LFIB, Because now we don?t have labels on our packets, and the packet sent to exit interface.

They also looks for FIB ( Forwarding information base ) which works on Traditional IP ,

LFIB ( Label Forwarding information base ) is responsible for Labeling the packets.

We do Provide MPLS Live online training, You can contact us for the fee structure & learn MPLS + BGP Course.

basic configuration of router

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Basic Configuration Of Router

Today we are going to configure Configuring IP addressing lab, So we have 4 Routers

We will do most of the practical’s on this topology, you can choose any software GNS3 or Packet Tracer

Let’s Configure our first lab: basic configuration of the router

  • Networkkings> ( User Mode ) – Enter Enable to go to next mode
  • Networkkings# ( Privilege mode ) – Enter Configure Terminal to go to the next mode
  • Networkking(config)# ( Global Configuration Mode )
  • Networkkings(config-if)# ( Interface Mode )

These all our Subnets which are in between of Routers.

R1 is connected to R2 & R3

  • R1 —-192.168.12.0—- R2
  • R1 —–192.168.13.0—–R3

R4 is connected to R2 & R3

  • R4 —-192.168.24.0—- R2
  • R4 —–192.168.34.0—–R3

R2 is connected to R1 & R4

  • R2—–192.168.12.0—–R1
  • R2—–192.168.24.0—–R4

R3 is connected to R1 & R4

  • R3—–192.168.13.0—–R1
  • R3—–192.168.34.0—–R4

R1 : Configure both F0/0 & F0/1

Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#interface f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config)#interface f0/1
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.13.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R2 : Configure both F0/0 & F0/1

Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#interface f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config)#int f0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.24.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no sh
R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R3 : Configure both F0/0 & F0/1

Router(config)#hostname R3
R3(config)#int f0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.34.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no sh

R3(config-if)#int fa0/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.13.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R4 : Configure both F0/0 & F0/1

Router(config)#hostname R4
R4(config)#int f0/1
R4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.24.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no shutdown

R4(config)#int fa0/0
R4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.34.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no shutdown

Check after configuring that both interfaces should be in Up/Up status via show ip int brief

image

and you will get same output on R3 and R4 too?

Check Connectivity Via Ping broadcast Ip (Don’t Run this command in Real/Live Network )

Thanks For Reading..

Difference between EIGRP and OSPF.

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Hi Friends,

Today I am going to write about the Difference between EIGRP and OSPF, One of the questions I have seen asked in the CCNA, CCNP interview.

What is the Difference between EIGRP and OSPF?

So first you should know the basics after that the main answer will come.

EIGRP

  • Eigrp stands for Enhanced interior gateway routing protocol
  • It uses dual ( diffuse update algorithm ) for reliability and choosing backup paths
  • It is a Hybrid Protocol which is also known as? Advance distance vector protocol ( Combination of Distance Vector & Link state protocols )
  • Administrative distance = internal (90) external (170) ( External Routes when the routes Redistributed in EIGRP it shows ad value 170 in Routing table )
  • Eigrp is now an open standard, Cisco Made it open standard in Year 2013.

There any many things which are in the basics of EIGRP.

OSPF

  • OSPF stands for Open Shortest Path First
  • It?s a link state protocol
  • It uses SPF (shortest path first) ?Hello 10 sec’s hold down timer 40 sec’s Dijkstra’s algorithm
  • Metric is cost (cost=10 ^8/B.W.)
  • Administrative distance is 110
  • Mostly used in Interior gateway protocols.

Common Features

  • Both are? classless routing protocol
  • Both supports VLSM and CIDR
  • Both Open Standard
  • Supports Authentication
  • Faster convergence
  • Trigger/Incremental updates

EIGRP

OSPF
  1. Maximum 255 hops, Default is 100
  2. Eigrp Doesn?t have a concept of Areas.
  3. Eigrp Knows what its neighbour knows ( this is also known as Routing by Rumor )
  4. It supports both equal cost load balancing & Unequal load balancing.
  5. Supports Multiple Protocols IP, IPX, Appletalk
  6. Hello 5 sec’s dead timer 15 sec’s
  1. Unlimited hop count
  2. Introduces the concept of Area?s to ease management and control traffic
  3. OSPF knows all the Network Topology Like GPS System knows all the paths.
  4. It supports only equal cost load balancing
  5. Support the Only IP
  6. Hello 10 sec’s dead timer 40 sec’s

Unequal load balancing means if you have two paths going to the same destination with different Cost you can also use the high-cost way.

We provide CCNA Online Training in USA?too.

.

What is CCNA Certification?

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what is ccna certification?

CCNA is a long indicate examine and there are various tips that can help you save much time when sitting in the exam hall. From the comments here and information from distinctive recognizes, this article tries to pack all the CCNA generally made request to extra you some open door. If it’s all the same to you don’t waver to ask anything that you are obscure about CCNA so each and every one of us can help you. I will update this article every so often to convey to you the most present information about this exam.

1. . Please tell me how many questions in the real CCNA exam, and how much time to answer them?

Up to this point, you have 90 minutes to answer 50 questions in the true CCNA exam however in the event that your local dialect is not English, Cisco permits you a 30-moment exam time expansion. Be that as it may, there are a couple of necessities to get this augmentation, so the most ideal way is asking your educator or coach before taking the exam.

2. What amount does the CCNA Exam 640-802 expense? Furthermore what number of focuses I have to pass the exam?

It now fetches $295 from Jan-16-2012 (enormous cash, right?) 🙂

The passing score is 825/1000.

Note: This is additionally the expense and passing score for the new CCNA 200-120 exam.

3. What number of ways would I be able to get the CCNA certificate?

There are 2 approaches to accomplish this certificate:

By taking two exams ICND-1 640-822 and ICND-2 640-816

By taking one and only CCNA 640-802 exam

4. I got the CCNA certificate, will this affirmation terminate?

CCNA certificate is quality for three years. To recertify, pass the Icnd2 exam, or pass the present CCNA exam, or pass a CCNA Concentration exam (remote, security, voice), or pass the present CCDA exam, or pass any 642? XXX expert level or Cisco Specialist exam (prohibiting Sales Specialist exams), or pass a present CCIE or CCDE composed exam.

5. In the wake of finishing the INTRO exam (ICND 1), people right now have a three-year window in which to finish the ICND exam (ICND 2) to win CCNA accreditation. Will this alternative still exist?

Yes, people will at present have the ability to take and pass the first exam (INTRO or Icnd1) and have a three-year window to pass the second exam (Icnd2), before the first exam lapses.

6. In the event that people satisfy the exam necessities for the CCNA accreditation, will they additionally gain CCENT confirmation?

No, people who confirm at the CCNA level won’t procure CCENT confirmation. The reason for the CCENT confirmation is to give a choice to the individuals who aren’t primed for CCNA.

(Data from http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/le3/le2/le0/le9/learning_certification_type_home.html)

7. Which sims will I see in the CCNA exam?

The prominent sims now are EIGRP, VTP and Access-record 2 sims however nobody can ensure you won’t see different sims in your exam. So the most ideal way is polishing all sims on this site.

8. What number of focuses will I get for one sim?

That being said, Cisco doesn’t tell what number of focuses you will get for every accurately explained sim however from my experience, you will get from 80 to 100 focuses for every sim. Cisco perhaps is a touch discourteous for sims in light of the fact that you will simply get a couple of focuses in the event that you can’t illuminate the sim totally. So be cautious with the sims and attempt to compose all the orders on paper commonly before taking this exam.

9. In the genuine exam, I clicked “Next” in the wake of picking the reply, would I be able to do a reversal for evaluating?

No, this is an exceptionally vital thing about the CCNA exam. You can only go ahead! You can visit http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/wwtraining/certprog/training/cert_exam_tutorial.html to be acquainted with the exam interface.

10. What is the way to pass CCNA?

The CCNA exam blankets numerous parts of systems administration and the greater part of the themes will be asked. Anyway, the most essential subject is subnetting so verify you see how to subnet. Obviously different subjects are vital excessively so you shouldn’t detour them.

11. Would I be able to utilize short charges, for instance “conf t” rather than “design terminal”? Will I get a full check for short charges?

It is an alternate huge address in the CCNA exam. A few reports said that you can utilize the “Tab” and short charges yet some said they didn’t work. Frequently the test system in the exam doesn’t acknowledge short charges and checks as a “fragmented summon”. Furthermore, nobody can ensure it will cost focuses or not when you utilize short charges so my proposal is you may as well take in the full orders.

12. What are your prescribed materials for CCNA?

There are numerous choices you can pick but call us anytime for assistance.

best software to write a blog

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Hi all,

Today I am writing a blog from windows live writer, the interface is looking awesome and you can add pictures videos also. I can see you can change the font with COLORS too, Many options as compared to write online in Word press blog, sometimes you have a slow speed internet connection and if you wrote things inaccurately, you have to go back and change the whole content.

  • You can directly publish the blog from windows live writer.
  • Spelling checker already inbuilt
  • You are typing in your windows platform
  • Add pictures and videos directly
  • Add hyperlinks
  • You can also add external images with URL?s
  • Write a blog with a theme look.
  • Write anything in the quote

I think this is the best blogging software so far, I would recommend this software to every blogger.

Alternate Software’s are:-

  1. Microsoft publisher
  2. Evernote
  3. Focus Writer for distraction-free writing

Cisco Pipe Commands

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Cisco Pipe Commands

These commands work on Cisco routers as well on other vendors too, Tellabs Core Routers Also Support.

These commands won’t work on old Ios, Try your luck friends.

The following command will display the contents of the running-config,
beginning with the first line containing the text ethernet:

Router# show running?| begin ethernet
The following command will exclude all lines containing the text ethernet:

Router# show running?| exclude ethernet
The following command will include all lines containing the text ethernet:

Router# show running?| include ethernet

You can also use a second pipe as an OR in your expression.

[su_box title=”Output”]

1841#show cdp neighbors detail | inc Dev|ress:

Device ID: R1605 IP address: 1.1.1.2

Device ID: R1602

IP address: 2.2.2.2

[/su_box]

Osi model in Hindi

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Osi model stands for Open System Interconnection

The concept of a seven-layer model was provided by the work of Charles Bachman

The upper layers of the OSI model deal with application issues and generally are implemented only in software. The highest layer, the application, is closest to the end user. Both users and application-layer processes interact with software applications that contain a communications component. The term upper layer is sometimes used to refer to any layer above another layer in the OSI model.

The lower layers of the OSI model handle data transport issues. The physical layer and data-link layer are implemented in hardware and software. The other lower layers generally are implemented only in software. The lowest layer, the physical layer, is closest to the physical network medium (the network cabling, for example, and is responsible for actually placing information on the medium.

this is the first Video :- OSI model in Hindi

Here is the 2nd Video which will cover Osi Model in Hindi Part -2

and this the bonus video i am adding , application layer Protocols

You can

Here you can watch OSI model in hindi , if anybody wants OSI model in english from our trainer, Post in comment, we will get back to you in 3-4 days, Our trainers are working on full videos of Cisco.

Connecting PC’s in packet Tracer

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Hi,
This Tutorial is to connect two different PC in Packet tracer, If you are not familiar with OSI model basics, go to our CCNA OSI Model video on youtube ” OSI network kings ” ,

SO for example

Pc1 ———————————connected to —————————-PC2

pc1 – 192.168.1.1

pc2 – 192.168.1.2

Points to Remember,

1. You can only assign Class A, Class B, Class C ?ip address.

2. Range between 1 – 229

3. You cannot assign all host value 0 , and 1 too, It means you cannot assign Network ID and broadcast ip address.

Lets start

Top 10 IT certifications of 2014

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Top 10 it certifications of 2014

1. PMI Project Management Professional (PMP)

With a normal twelve-month compensation of $101,695, the PMP confirmation from the Project Management Institute (PMI) association beat the agenda of most noteworthy paying certificates for the present year.

Read more

What is networking?

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What is Networking?

What is a network anyway?

A network is just a collection of devices and end systems connected to each other and able to communicate with each other. These could be computers, servers, smartphones, routers, etc. A network could be as large as the internet or as small as your two computers at home

Sharing files and a printer.

Some of the components that make up a network:

Personal Computers (PC): These are the endpoint of your network, sending and receiving data.

Interconnections: These are components that make sure data can travel from one device to another, you need to think about:

Network Cards: they translate data from your computer in a readable format for the network.

Media: network cables, perhaps wireless.

Connectors: the plug you plug in your network card.

Switches: These boxes are network devices that provide a network connection for your end devices like PCs.

Routers: Routers interconnect networks and choose the best path to each network Destination.

TYPES of APPLICATIONS

Batch applications

File transfers like FTP, TFTP, perhaps an HTTP download. Could be a backup at night.

No direct human interaction.

High bandwidth is important but not critical.

Interactive applications

Human-to-Human interaction

Someone is waiting for a response, so response time (delay) is important

Real-time applications

Also Human-to-Human interaction

VoIP (Voice over IP) or live video conferencing.

End-to-end delay is critical