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Default Routing CCNA Lab.

A default route is used mostly for internet connections where destination is unknown, By default the router will forward all traffic to ISP.

Default Routing CCNA Lab.

A default route is used mostly for internet connections.

where destination is unknown, By default the router will forward all  traffic to ISP.

A default route is the route that takes effect when no other route is available for an IP destination address.

A default route defines where packets will be sent if no specific route for the destination network is listed in the routing table.


APPLE
enable
conf t
hostname Apple
int fa0/0
ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
int fa0/1
ip add 200.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.1.1.2

ISP
enable
conf t
hostname ISP
int fa0/0
ip add 9.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
no sh
int fa0/1
ip add 200.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no sh
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 200.1.1.1

This static route we will not use in real world as already we have NAT on our routers. NAT convert private ip into public IP

APPLE
enable
conf t
hostname Apple
int fa0/0
ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
int fa0/1
ip add 200.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.1.1.2

ISP
enable
conf t
hostname ISP
int fa0/0
ip add 9.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
no sh
int fa0/1
ip add 200.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no sh
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 200.1.1.1

This static route we will not use in real world as already we have NAT on our routers. NAT convert private ip into public IP

APPLE
enable
conf t
hostname Apple
int fa0/0
ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
int fa0/1
ip add 200.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.1.1.2

ISP
enable
conf t
hostname ISP
int fa0/0
ip add 9.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
no sh
int fa0/1
ip add 200.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no sh
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 200.1.1.1

This static route we will not use in real world as already we have NAT on our routers. NAT convert private ip into public IP

APPLE
enable
conf t
hostname Apple
int fa0/0
ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
int fa0/1
ip add 200.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.1.1.2

ISP
enable
conf t
hostname ISP
int fa0/0
ip add 9.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
no sh
int fa0/1
ip add 200.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no sh
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 200.1.1.1

This static route we will not use in real world as already we have NAT on our routers. NAT convert private ip into public IP

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Same problem, two answers. Pick a track:

On the job: Two routers' OSPF neighbours are stuck in ExStart and never reach Full.

The textbook answer

OSPF moves through Down, Init, 2-Way, ExStart, Exchange, Loading and Full. Memorise the neighbour states for the exam.

Correct. Not enough to fix it.

How a production engineer teaches it

  1. Suspect an MTU mismatch first. ExStart and Exchange stalls usually come down to it.
  2. Compare show ip ospf interface on both ends and fix the interface MTU.
  3. Use ip ospf mtu-ignore only as a stopgap, and say so in the change record.
  4. Write down why it happened, so the next engineer finds it in minutes.
  • The why behind every command, not just the syntax.
  • Hands-on labs for every topic, so the first fault you fix is not at work.
  • Doubts answered by someone who has fixed it in a live network, cloud or pipeline.